#Norwegian textlab series
The course is activity-based and consists of a series of workshops. This way, the course offers a bridge between the SUM41 lab work and your final year thesis work. Taking a learning-by-doing approach to text work, this course draws on explorative writing and process-oriented feedback to support the development of academic work competences. Ability to edit a text, when time is right, by applying techniques for clarity in academic writing.Ability to formulate what kind of feedback you seek, and give helpful process-oriented feedback to others.Command of techniques that inspire writing and split thesis work into multiple, smaller writing projects.Understanding of the many uses and misuses of feedback, and the principles reflected in the University of Oslo’s ethical guidelines for supervision.Solid overview of techniques for cultivating helpful writing strategies, including joint writing.Ability to differentiate between explorative and explanatory purposes of writing.To explore different writing practices that help you learn more from the time you spend on your studies.To create strategies for keeping your thesis process warm, share texts regularly, and comment constructively on work by peers.To comprehend the multiple uses of writing in the craft and presentation of academic research.
#Norwegian textlab free
Key questions include: How can I combine course work and thesis work? How can I balance free writing and editing? How can I invite feedback, or set up interviews, before I know where I am going? What makes a text 'academic'? The course will also foster a constructive feedback culture. Here, students will find time and space to explore the mysteries that emerge in the process from first ideas to multiple texts-in-progress, collectively and in dialogue with Centre staff. And if the routes ahead are unclear, writing can become painfully lonely.Įmbracing these insights, SUM4300 aims to demystify the tacit and everyday writing chores inscribed in all analytical work and help students identify a variety of writing tasks that are helpful to practice as the MA process moves forward. Uses and joys notwithstanding, writing is also challenging. Without these treasured pieces, no research puzzle can emerge. Numerous trivial texts (notes, summaries, e-mails, transcriptions, plans, mind maps, etc.) precede all final manuscripts.
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#Norwegian textlab how to
While ideas and questions can emerge from any situation or impulse, it is only through writing that we can clarify our ideas to ourselves and others, plan how to explore them, and share our findings with society. Prenatal Diagnosis Cell‐Free System Genetic Testing Maternal‐Fetal Exchange Sex Determination Analysis Genetic Diseases, X-Linked.Ĭopyright © 2016 by The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH).In the craft of research, writing is our most important tool. Introduction of a program where NIPT is used in determination of fetal sex, will increase the annual total health care cost expendings by 197,000 Norwegian kroner.
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Maternal blood samples taken in gestational week 7 or later provide more reliable results than blood samples taken before week 7.Īssuming 50 pregnant women are tested every year, 21 of these will avoid invasive testing. Based on the findings:ĭiagnostic accuracy of NIPT for fetal sex determination is very high.
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We have summarized research findings on NIPT's diagnostic accuracy for fetal sex determination, as well as discussed clinical, health economic and ethical consequences related to NIPT used for fetal sex determination. The purpose of using NIPT for fetal sex determination is to avoid unnecessary invasive testing of pregnant women who carry a female fetus. The method is based on the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA found in maternal blood early in pregnancy. In non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), a blood sample of the pregnant woman is used to identify fetal sex. Annually, 40-60 invasive tests are performed in this group of pregnant women in Norway. Current practice in Norway is that all pregnant women at increased risk of having a child with an X-linked recessive disease, are eligible for an invasive test (chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis), without any determination of the fetal sex beforehand.
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If the mother is a carrier of an X-linked recessive disease, she can either have a healthy girl, a healthy girl who is a carrier like the mother, a healthy boy, or a boy that becomes ill with the X-linked disease. X-linked recessive diseases are severe hereditary diseases that are manifested solely in males.